应用X射线荧光光谱法测定过磷酸钙中主量元素

Determination of Major Elements in Superphosphate by X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry

磷肥是农业生产中最常用的肥料之一。文章通过X射线荧光分析技术测定了过磷酸钙中九种成分的含量,各元素的测定精度都在0.20%～0.005%之间,所以X射线荧光光谱法是一种测定过磷酸钙肥料有效成分和其他元素的快速、有效的方法。通过磷肥中各种成分的含量分析可以得出如下结论:(1)选用的过磷酸钙中有效P2O5≥16%(18.101%),不是假磷肥;所以X射线荧光光谱分析技术可以识别磷肥真假;(2)所测定磷肥中SiO2,TFe2O3,MgO,CaO和K2O含量比较高,分别是16.954%,1.495%,1.580%,21.428%和1.585%,所以以过磷酸钙作为肥料时可以起到微肥的作用,但是研究磷元素作用时应当注意这几种成分对磷肥效果的干扰作用;(3)Al2O3的含量为3.225%,长期使用磷肥应当注意Al毒的发生。

Phosphate fertilizer is one of the most important fertilizers.The authors determined nine kinds of major elements in superphosphate,the most important phosphate fertilizer,by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry.The detection range of SiO2,Al2O3,TFe2O3,MnO,MgO,CaO,Na2O,K2O and P2O5 is 15.0%-90.0%,0.20%-25.0%,0.20%-25.0%,0.01%-0.35%,0.20%-40.0%,0.10%-35.0%,0.10%-7.50%,0.05%-7.50% and 1.00%-100.00% respectively,and the precision of the method for SiO2,Al2O3,TFe2O3,MnO,MgO,CaO,Na2O,K2O and P2O5 range from 0.20% to 0.005%,so the method of X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is a fast and effectual method for detecting the composition of phosphate fertilizer.The contents of the above elements showed（1） the detected superphosphate content is 18.101% of P2O5,which is accordant to the labeled level（≥16%）,（2） the detected superphosphate contains much SiO2,TFe2O3,MgO,CaO and K2O,which are necessary for plant growth and the content of which is 16.954%,1.495%,1.580%,（1.428% and 1.585% respectively.These data showed that phosphate fertilizer sometimes can supply some trace elements for plants,but we should eliminate the interference effect of these elements when we research the role of phosphorus,（3） superphosphate contains 3.225% of Al2O3,so the authors should attention to the aluminium poison when superphosphate is used chronically.