波兰尼的知识理论及其心理学意义

The Knowledge Theory of Michael Polanyi and Its Psychological Meanings

波兰尼对实证主义的科学观进行了彻底的批判,倡导人性化的科学观,主张科学的本质是对知识的热爱,科学家对研究的信念是从事研究的前提条件,研究过程中无论是研究问题的提出抑或是结果的验证都渗透了研究者个人价值,都有个人的积极涉入,因而科学是个人的。意会知识是言传知识的基础,在人类知识结构中占据着主导地位。他的这些主张对心理学的理论建设和实践研究具有重大的价值,对这些价值的挖掘有利于促进心理学理论与实践的发展。

Michael Polanyi thoroughly criticized the views of science of positivism. He advocated humanistic views of science, protested that the nature of science was based on the devotion to knowledge, the belief on research of scientists was the preconditions for the research, researcher＇s individual value was penetrated on the process of raising the research hypothesis or testing the result, which involves individual positive attitude, therefore science is individual. The tacit knowledge is the foundation of speaking knowledge, which leads a dominant position of human knowledge structure. His avocations above are of ominous value to the theoretical construction, practical research and the sound development of psychology.