民营企业家创业倾向的影响因素研究

The Study of Entrepreneurial Intention and Its Determinants

根据Luthje & Nikolaus的"创业倾向模型",提出本研究的理论假设,并自编访谈提纲,走访了20名民营企业家,就创业倾向的相关影响因素进行了半结构式的访谈。结果表明:(1)社会经济、政治改革和发展、良好的国家融资、贷款等政策为创业意向形成提供了外在客观条件和机遇;(2)父母创业经历为创业提供辅助条件和必要的物质、精神支持,民主型父母类型通过影响个体个性发展和心态培养从而促进创业倾向;(3)民营企业家的创业动机主要体现在不同时代背景下的企业家具有不同的创业动机:分别为"获得经济利益"和"实现自身价值",同时,强烈的创业动机有利于创业倾向的形成;(4)企业家自身独特的心理特质,如意志力、勤奋、自信、成就动机、创新、独立自主、外倾性、情绪稳定性和敏锐的洞察力等有利于创业倾向的形成和创业的成功。由此,文章提出拟进一步验证的创业倾向影响因素构想模型。

Based on the ＂entrepreneurial intent model＂ of Luthje ＆ Nikolaus and relevant literatures, an interview outline on entrepreneurial intention was designed. Total 20 subjects were reviewed with the purpose was to explore the determinants of entrepreneurial intention. The results showed that： （1） socio-economic and political development, well-financing support. and loans policies for the venture provide the objective external conditions and opportunities for entrepreneurs; （2） significant direct and indirect effects of prior family business exposure on entrepreneurial intent, through the mediation variables of attitudes, values and financial support; （3）entrepreneurs have different entrepreneurial motivation born on different periods： ＂Eco- nomic interests and life improved＂ was been instead of ＂serf-value realization＂, meanwhile, strong entrepreneurial motivation is conducive to the formation of entrepreneurial intention; （4） psychological characteristics such as persistency, industrious, serf-confident, achievement motivation, innovative, independent, openness, initiative, stable emotion and acute insight are benefit for formation of entrepreneurial intention and venture success.