大学生学习动能分类模型及其构建因素研究

The Categorical Model and Its Component Factors: A Research on Undergraduates’ Motivation and Drive in Study

采用"学习动机和学习动力量表"调查13154名大学生,运行SPSS15.0分析数据和建构模型,探悉大学生学习动能分类及其构建要素。结果发现:大学生学习动能建构于学习动机和学习动力二维度;二者交互拟合了学习动能5类组合模型:勤学型(强动机+强动力,47.0%)、迫学型(弱动机+强动力,23.4%)、怠学型(强动机+弱动力,13.6%)、厌学型(弱动机+弱动力,13.2%)、中间型(动机与动力居中,2.7%);勤学型和迫学型源于农村生、贫困生、系多子女和女生等群体;怠学型和厌学型源于城市生、非贫困生、系独生子女和男生等群体;勤学型多为多血质、中压力和心理健康者;怠学型多为胆汁质、重压力和心理问题者;迫学型多为轻压力、粘液质和心理健康者;厌学型多为重压力、抑郁质和心理障碍者。结论:勤学型是大学生学习动能的主流类型,且2倍于迫学型、3.5倍于怠学型和厌学型;女生和农村生(多为贫困生和系多子女)为大学生学习动能的强势群体;低生活压力、高心理健康和情绪稳定性是大学生学习动能的保护因子;学习动能新分类为是鉴别和改善大学生学习动能提供了实践指导。

Object： The present paper is an effort to explore the categorical model and its factors in model of undergraduates＇ energy in study. Method： 13154 students were tested by ＂Motivation of Study Scale＂ and ＂Drive of Study Scale＂. The sample was analyzed by SPSS 15.0 software. Result： undergraduates＇ energy of studies were constructed by two dimensions： motivation and drive. They were crosstabs to five model of studied energy： diligent study （47.0%）, compel sduty （23.4%）, idle study （13.6%）, detested study （13. 2%） and middle study （2.7%）. Undergraduates of diligent study and compel sduty were from country, poverty family, schoolgirl. Undergraduates of idle study and detested study were from city, no poverty family and schoolboy. Undergraduates of diligent study and were Popular Sanguine, middle stress and mental health; ones of compel sduty were Peaceful Phlegmantic, light stress and mental health; ones of detested study were Perfect Melancholy, weagh stress and mental disorder; ones of idle study were Powerful Choleric, weagh stress and mental trouble. Conclusion： diligent study is mainstream in model of study of Undergradu- ates, it is double than compel sduty and is 3.5 than idle study and detested study. Schoolgirl and students in country are strong group in model of studied energy of undergraduates. Light stress and mental health and emotional stability are protect factors for studied energy. Method of categorical model of studied energy is useful to distinguish and to improve studied energy of undergraduates.