2007年青海省地方性氟中毒国家监测点监测报告

Report on the surveillance results of endemic fluorosis in Qinghai Province in 2007

目的掌握青海省地方性氟中毒病区改水降氟措施落实进度和病情现状及发展趋势，为政府部门制订防治措施提供依据。方法在青海省互助县普查改水防氟工程使用情况，同时以互助县蔡家堡乡岩崖村作为监测点，检测该村生活饮用水、8～12岁儿童及16岁以上成人氟斑牙和尿氟、成人临床及X线氟骨症。水氟和尿氟测定采用氟离子电极法，氟斑牙诊断用Dean法，氟骨症诊断按国标（GB16396～1996、WS192—1999）进行。结果互助县有60个病区村，其中有36个村实施了改水，改水率为60％。监测点岩崖村水氟均值为1．25mg／L（国家标准〈0．05mg／L）；儿童氟斑牙检出率为90．20％（46／51），成人为88．89％（48／54）；儿童氟斑牙指数为1．77，成人为2．95；儿童尿氟几何均数为2．27mg／L，成人为2．00mg／L；成人氟骨症临床检出53例，检出率为98．15％（53／54）；X线检出10例，检出率为18．87％（10／53）。结论青海省地方性氟中毒病情重，降氟措施落实缓慢。

Objective To investigate the fulfillment of improved water measures for endemic fluorosis and to find out the trend of prevalence in Qinghai Province in order to provide scientific basis and technical support for the government to formulate control strategies for endemic fluorosis. Methods Usage and management of reforming water facilities in Huzhu County were generally surveyed. Yanya Village, Caijiabu Town, Huzhu County was chosen as the surveillance spot. The household drinking water was surveyed. The dental fluorosis and urine fluoride content of children aged 8 - 12 years and adult above 16 years were examined . Skeletal fluorosis of adult was checked. The fluorosis content in drinking water and urine was determined with F-ion selective electrode method. The dental fluurosis was examined with Dean index. Skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed according to country standard （GB 16396- 1996, WS 192-1999）. Results The rate of water-improving was 60% （36/60） in Huzhu County. The mean of fluoride content in drinking water was 1.25 mg/L. The prevalence rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 - 12 years was 90.20%（46/51）; that of adult was 88.89%（48/54）. The dental fluorosis index of children was 1.77, that of adult was 2.95. The prevalence rate of skeletal fluorosis was 98.15% indicated by clinical data, 18.87% by X- ray. The urine fluorosis content of children was 2.27 mg/L, that of adult was 2.00 mg/L. Conclusion The disease condition of endemic fluorosis in Qinghai is serious, defluoridation is slow in effect.