婴儿早期血浆磷脂脂肪酸水平对体质指数的影响

The effect of fatty acid status of plasma phospholipids during early infancy on body mass index

目的研究婴幼儿早期血浆磷脂脂肪酸水平对于18月内体质指数的影响作用。方法常州地区母亲及配对婴儿作为研究对象,分别采集脐血,5 d、42 d及1岁时婴儿静脉血样本,采用高效毛细液气相色谱分析技术检测血浆磷脂脂肪酸含量。在婴儿出生,42 d,2、4、6、12及18月时对小儿进行体重、身长等体格生长指标的测量,计算体质指数(body mass index,BMI)及其Z分值。结果6、12及18月龄婴幼儿BMI Z分值与脐血n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFAs)比例呈正相关而与n-3 PUFAs及二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)含量呈负相关(P<0.05;P<0.01;P<0.01);12月龄BMI Z分值与5 d血n-6/n-3PUFAs比例呈正相关而与n-3 PUFAs及DHA含量呈负相关(P均<0.01);2、4、6、12及18月龄BMI Z分值与42 d血n-6/n-3 PUFAs比例呈正相关而与n-3 PUFAs(P<0.01;P<0.01;P<0.01;P<0.01;P<0.05)及DHA含量(P均<0.01)呈负相关。结论婴幼儿早期血浆磷脂n-3 PUFAs水平可能对婴幼儿晚期生长具有显著影响:n-3 PUFAs(主要DHA)水平越高而n-6/n-3比例越低,则在婴儿晚期可以得到更为理想的体质指数。

Objective To investigate the relationship between fatty acid （FA） composition of blood phospholipids and the infants＇ body mass index （BMI） in their first 1.5 years. Methods Pregnant mothers were recruited during their last trimester of pregnancy in Changzhou. Umbilical cord blood samples were obtained from mothers when the umbilical cord was cut off at delivery. Blood samples from day 5, day 42 and month 12 of the infants were obtained by venipuncture. The FA composition of blood plasma phospholipids was analyzed by capillary gas-liquid chromatography. Meanwhile,anthropometric indices like body weight and height were measured at birth, on day 42 and month 2, 4, 6, 12, 18. The corresponding BMI and BMI Z scores were calculated. Results 6, 12 and 18-monthold infant BMI Z scores was positively correlated with umbilical cord blood n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids （PUFAs） ratio and was negatively correlated with n-3 PUFAs and docosahexaenoic acid （DHA） content （P〈0.05; P〈0.01 ; P〈0.01） ; 12-month-old BMI Z score was positively correlated with 5 d blood n-6/n-3 PUFAs ratio and was negatively correlated with n-3 PUFAs and DHA content （P all were 〈0.01 ） ; 2,4,6,12 and 18-month-old BMI Z score was positively correlated with with 42 d blood n 6/n-3 PUFAs ratio but was negatively correlated with n-3 PUFAs （P〈0.01 ; P〈0.01 ; P〈0.01; P〈0.01; P〈0.05） and DHA content （P all were 〈0.01）. Conclusions The n-3 PUFAs content in plasma phospholipids during early infancy may have great impact on child growth later. Highlight the blood n-3 PUFAs （especially DHA） content and decrease the n-6/n-3 ratio in early infancy may help the infants to achieve optimal body mass index （BMI） later.