表皮干细胞增殖分化的调控机制

Regulatory mechanism of proliferation and differentiation of epidermal stem cells

表皮干细胞是皮肤组织的特异性干细胞,具有自我更新和强大的增殖潜能,被认为是皮肤组织工程理想的种子细胞。表皮干细胞增殖与分化调控确切机制目前尚不清楚。现有研究主要集中在MAPK、Wnt、Notch、骨形态发生蛋白等信号转导通路上,通过信号转导通路的激活,引起与细胞增殖分化相关基因的表达,以调控表皮干细胞的增殖分化。近来有研究显示端粒酶活性的丧失及其增殖相关基因表达的改变可能是造成表皮干细胞体外复制和扩增受限的主要原因。表皮干细胞的研究已引起越来越多研究者的关注,目前已广泛应用于组织修复的实验及临床研究,展现出良好的应用前景。

As the skin tissue-specific stem cells, epidermal stem cells have the potentiality of multi-directional differentiation and self-duplication. Therefore, epidermal stem cells could serve as the seed cells for skin tissue-engineered. However, the regulatory mechanism of differentiation and proliferation on epidermal stem cells is unclear. The research on epidermal stem cells has focus on correlative pathways of signaling transduetion at present, such as MAPK, Wnt, Notch, bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathway. The expression level of differentiation and proliferation related gene exchange through activating signaling pathway, which eventually regulate differentiation and proliferation of epidermal stem cells. It is shown that the induction and the reinforcement of the telomerase reverse transcfiptase activity may have important influence on the maintenance of the self-renewal and proliferation ability of the epidermal stem cells. The research on epidermal stem cell has attracted more and more interests of the researchers. Epidermal stem cells are now extensively applied in many experimental and clinical research, representing a excellent application prospect in the field of tissue repair.