内质网蛋白定位信号研究进展

Research Progress in Location Signal of Endoplasmic Reticulum Proteins

内质网是蛋白质合成的主要细胞器,一方面选择性运出分泌蛋白和膜蛋白,另一方面保留内质网定位蛋白以维持其结构和功能。内质网保持驻留蛋白主要通过两种方式完成:阻止其进入运输小泡而停留于内质网中;内质网蛋白进入转运小泡后重新运回内质网。这些内质网蛋白的定位是受到周密调控的,对这些过程的了解有助于对内质网功能和许多疾病致病机制的阐述。综述了近年来内质网定位信号及研究方法,并在此基础上探讨了内质网定位信号研究的意义。

As the main protein synthesis organelle, endoplasmic reticulum（ER） is required to selectively allow transit of newly synthesized secretory and plasma membrane proteins and also to maintain a unique set of resident proteins that define its structural and functional properties. In the case of ER, residency is achieved in two ways, prevention of residents from entering newly forming transport vesicles and retrieval of those residents that escape. These localizations are carefully regulated, and it is likely that understanding these processes might help elucidating the function of ER and the causes of some diseases. In this paper, we introduce the progress of the field from several aspects such as the research methods of localization signal, the retention/retrieval signal of ER proteins, and the significance of these researches.