美国杂交杏李花果期节肢动物的生态位分析

Studied on Ecological Niche of arthropod in flower and fruit of U.S hybrid apricot and plum

美国杏李园害虫中绣线菊蚜与山楂叶螨的生态位宽度较宽,占据空间较大,为害虫优势种群,在空间维度上害虫之间存在较大竞争;大草蛉在各期的生态位宽度最大,说明大草蛉是重要的优势天敌,且天敌与主要害虫在空间上相遇机率较大;天敌之间生态位重叠指数较高,表明主要天敌之间存在明显的相互竞争关系;美国杏李园天敌对主要害虫在时间维度上有较强的追随效应和控制作用。主要天敌的数量与主要害虫绣线菊蚜种群数量追随关联度顺序为草蛉类>龟纹瓢虫>蜘蛛类>异色瓢虫>其它瓢虫类>食蚜蝇类>七星瓢虫>多异瓢虫。草蛉类和龟纹瓢虫与绣线菊蚜的模糊贴近度最高,说明这两种天敌与绣线菊蚜的同域效应高,对绣线菊蚜有较强的追随作用,抑制着绣线菊蚜种群数量的增长。

The niche breath of Aphis citricota and Tetranychus viennensis were more than other pests in U.S. apricot and plum orchard,those are dominant population occupying more space; Resources of natural enemies were rich and majority was Chrysopa septempenctata; Pests had strong competition,natural enemies were so.Natural enemies and major pests could meet very often.They had strong pursuing and control effect to Aphis citricota and Tetranychus viennensis from time dimension.The follow orders of the number of main natural enemies and main pests Aphis citricota was chrysopidaes 〉Propylaeajaponica 〉araneidas .〉Leis axyridis 〉other coccinellidaes 〉syrphidaes 〉Coccinel laseptem punctata〉Hippodamia va riegata.The fuzzy neartude of chrysopidae and Propylaea japonica were highest than others,that two and Aphis citricota have the highest relations of same domain,and stong to pursue Aphis citricota, to inhibit the number of Aphis citricota.