水氮处理对玉米根区水氮迁移和利用的影响

Effects of irrigation and fertilization treatments on transfer and utilization of water and nitrogen in maize root zone

为研究灌水和施氮位置对玉米根区水氮迁移和利用的影响,通过春玉米水氮同区、异区隔沟灌溉试验,研究了不同水氮处理根区土壤水氮迁移和水氮利用规律。结果表明同区低水处理和异区高水处理收获时根区土壤硝态氮残留量较大,同区高水处理更容易导致硝态氮的淋失。异区高氮低水处理的籽粒产量最大为9953kg/hm2,并且水分利用效率也最高,为6.70kg/m3,比同区高氮高水处理的水分利用效率提高72.68%。高水处理的水分利用效率小于低水处理的水分利用效率;高氮处理玉米的氮素累积总量大于低氮处理的氮素累积总量,作物的氮素累积总量和施氮量呈正相关;其中异区高氮低水的氮素累积总量最大,同区低氮高水处理的最小。最佳的水氮耦合处理是异区高氮低水。

To study the effects of placement of water and nitrogen on transport and utilization of water and nitrogen in maize root zone. Experimental treatment have fertilizing in the irrigated furrow （FII） and unirrigated furrow （FIU）. The results show that there have a higher residual NO3^--N contents in treatments of low irrigation water of FII and high irrigation water of FIU. The treatments of high water of FII is more easily lead NO3^--N leaching. The treatment of high nitrogen and low water of FIU has the maximum grain yield of 9953 kg/hm^2 and the highest grain irrigation water use efficiency （IWUE） of 6.70 kg/m^3. Compared with the IWUE of the treatment of high nitrogen and high water of FII, it raises by 72.68%. The WUE of the treatment of high water is lower than that of low water. The nitrogen accumulation of the treatments of high nitrogen is more than that of low nitrogen, which is positively correlated with nitrogen applied. The nitrogen aeemnulation of the treatment of high nitrogen and low water of FIU is the largest, while the treatment of low nitrogen and high water of FII is the least. The best form of water and nitrogen treatment is the treatment of high nitrogen and low water of FIU.