间种白三叶草和稻草覆盖控制丘陵茶园杂草效果

Ecological effects of the weed community in tea garden with intercropping white clover and straw mulching

开展丘陵茶园杂草生态控制,可减少对茶园土壤水分和养分的消耗,避免使用化学除草剂。连续2年的田间试验,野外应用小样方多点采样调查茶园杂草种群数量、生物量、平均株高和茶芽密度等指标,结合实验室的茶叶内含成分分析和感官评审。结果表明:茶园共有杂草16科31属31种,春季(4月)以生长速度较慢、生物量小、株高在30cm以下的杂草为主,夏季(7月)以生长快、植株高和生物量大恶性杂草为主,秋季(9月)恶性杂草开始减少,酢浆草、白花蛇舌草等生物量小、株高矮的杂草逐渐增多;稻草覆盖处理茶园春、夏和秋季3个观测时期杂草物种丰富度(S)、多样性(H)、均匀度(J)等指数均高于清耕对照,优势集中性指数(C)低于清耕对照;间种白三叶草处理春、夏和秋季3个观测时期杂草总数量和生物量均显著低于清耕对照,夏、秋季杂草平均株高显著低于清耕对照;稻草覆盖和间种白三叶草处理春季茶芽重和产量显著高于清耕对照,鲜叶中游离氨基酸含量高于清耕对照,茶叶感官评审得分高于清耕对照处理。这表明稻草覆盖和间种白三叶草能改变茶园杂草群落结构,有效控制杂草生长,增加茶叶产量和改善茶叶品质。

Nowadays, chemical weeds control was applied to tea garden and its use increased year after year. Chemical weeds control application stimulates primary productivity of tea garden but also causes environmental pollution. Therefore, seeking a way to achieve a harmonious development between ecological and economic benefits for tea production has become a major issue to researchers.The present study investigatated the effect on the diversification of weed community, including weed abundance, dominance, evenness, biomass, and mean height after mulching straw and intercropping white clover in the tea plantation from 2005 to 2006. The results were as follows： 16 families and 31 species were found in total. In April, the dominant species characterized with slow growth, lower biomass, and less than 30 cm height; in July those who grow faster with higher biomass and height became dominant; In September, these malignant communities reduced, while the oxalis and diffusa characterized with lower biomass and low height gradually increased. In the three seasons, the weed abundance, community diversity and evenness increased, and the dominance, the biomass and average height of weeds remarkably reduced after intercropping white clover and muching straw. Therefore, it can be concluded that intercropping white clover and straw mulching is an effective ecological measure for weeds control.