亚历山大藻溶血毒性的初步研究

The preliminary research on the hemolytic activity of the dinoflagellate Alexandrium spp.

研究了11株亚历山大藻(Alexandrium spp.)的溶血毒性,其中7株亚历山大藻具有显著的溶血毒性,说明溶血毒性在亚历山大藻中具有一定的普遍性,但各亚历山大藻藻株溶血毒性的大小与其所产麻痹性贝类毒素(Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning,PSP)的能力无直接关系;针对性地研究了一株典型PSP产毒甲藻---塔玛亚历山大藻(A.tamarense,ATHK株)的溶血毒性特点,该株亚历山大藻具有较强的溶血毒性,指数期单个藻细胞的溶血毒性大小约相当于4pg皂素的溶血能力,而且其溶血毒性的大小与藻的生长阶段和细胞密度都有一定关系:指数期的溶血毒性最大;藻细胞、细胞碎片、细胞内容物都有一定的溶血毒性,其中细胞碎片的毒性最大;研究还表明一种PSP标准品STX毒素并没有溶血毒性,进一步说明亚历山大藻产生的溶血毒性是其他非PSP物质造成的,这类溶血毒素对人类健康和生态环境的影响值得关注。

The hemolytic activity on human erythrocyte, of 11 strains of dinoflagellate Alexandrium spp. were studied in this paper. The results showed that seven Alexandrium species have hemolytic activity, which might be common characteristic for these Alexandrium species, although the hemolytic activity did not depend on their PSP production ability. Furthermore, the hemolytic activity of A. tamarense（ATHK strain） was studied specially, and the result showed that this dinoflagellate had strong hemolytic activity,4 pg digitonin/cell at the exponential phase. The hemolytic activity had relationship with growth phase and cell density of A. tarnarense： the hemolytic activity in the culture medium gradually was highest and increased with increase during exponential growth phase, and relatively high activity was maintained even after reaching the death phase; algal cells, cell contents and cell fragment of A. tamarense all showed hemo lytic activity and the hemolytic activity of cell fragment was highest relatively. While the PSP standards-STX toxins did not have hemolytic activity on human erythrocyte. All the results indicated that the hemolytic activity of Alexandrium spp. was not caused by PSP toxins, but other unknown toxins. Therefore, factors other than PSP toxins of Alexandrium spp. will also do harm to organism, through hemolytic activities or other toxins.