成年哺乳动物中枢神经系统损伤后神经元轴突再生的调节(英文)

Regulation of axonal regeneration following the central nervous system injury in adult mammalian

成年哺乳动物中枢神经系统损伤后修复十分困难,常导致严重的持续性神经功能障碍,因此中枢神经系统损伤修复的研究成为当今热点。最新研究证明,中枢神经系统神经元轴突再生障碍不是因为其内在的再生能力不足,而是与受伤神经元所处的状态及生长环境有关。调节损伤神经元轴突再生至少应该包括如下步骤:维持神经元存活并处于一种生长状态,防止胶质瘢痕形成,清除存在于髓鞘碎片间的神经再生阻滞因子及指引轴突再生方向。本文对近年来有关成年哺乳动物中枢神经系统神经元轴突再生及其调节的研究成果进行综述。

It has been well established that the recovery ability of central nervous system （CNS） is very poor in adult mammals. As a result, CNS trauma generally leads to severe and persistent functional deficits. Thus, the investigation in this field becomes a ＂hot spot＂. Up to date, accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that the failure of CNS neurons to regenerate is not due to their intrinsic inability to grow new axons, but due to their growth state and due to lack of a permissive growth environment. Therefore, any successful approaches to facilitate the regeneration of injured CNS axons will likely include multiple steps： keeping neurons alive in a certain growth-state, preventing the formation of a glial scar, overcoming inhibitory molecules present in the myelin debris, and giving direction to the growing axons. This brief review focused on the recent progress in the neuron regeneration of CNS in adult mammals.