华语程度结构和论元结构的语法互动关系--从程度补语“死”的学习说起

Interaction between Degree and Argument Structure in Mandarin Chinese:On Degree Complement Si3(死)

本文主要探讨华语程度补语标记"死"(si3)所形成的程度结构和论元结构的语法互动关系。以"死"所形成的程度结构可以视为常项和变项之间搭配的句法和语意的表现方式:常项("死")和变项(动词和形容词)的各种搭配可以塑造出两个特殊的语法现象,即(Ⅰ)句法上的论元增加,和(Ⅱ)语意上的高程度语意属性的产生。从这些语料中我们将对"变项(动词/形容词)+死"格式在句法、语意和语用限制上提出一些可能的分析。相信本文对华语教授者或学习者在程度结构的认识上是相当具有启发性的。

This paper aims to explore the degree construction ＂X ＋ Si3＂ which features interaction between degree and argument structure in Mandarin Chinese. The degree construction is construed as a syntactic-semantic representation in terms of collocation between constant and variable. That is, the ＂X ＋ Si3＂ construction consisting of the constant （Si3） and a variable （verb or adjective） can yield two particular grammatical phenomena： （ Ⅰ ） an added argument on syntactic level and （ Ⅱ） an extra high-degree semantic interpretation on semantic level. This study tackles this degree construction, in particular focusing on possible constraints on syntactic, semantic and pragmatic facets. It is hoped that this work might be helpful for Mandarin instructors or learners to discern the degree construction ＂X ＋ Si3＂.