昆明城市建筑物外墙壁面对庭院气温的影响

Impact of Buildings'External Wall Surfaces on the Courtyard Air Temperature in Kunming City

以低纬度高原城市昆明市为对象,利用冬季(1月)和夏季(7月)不同高度的建筑物外墙壁面表面温度、外墙壁面近旁气温和对应高度的庭院气温实测资料,分析了城市建筑物外墙壁面对庭院不同高度气温的影响。得出:建筑物外墙壁面对庭院气温垂直分布的形成有着不可忽视的热力效应,其效应随季节、昼夜以及壁面方位、高度的不同而各异。建筑物外墙壁面与庭院大气相互影响,昼间建筑物外墙壁面向庭院大气传热,呈现热源效应,随高度增加,热源效应减小;夜间建筑物外墙中、上部壁面从庭院大气吸收热量,呈现热汇效应,随高度增加,热汇效应增大。冬季各壁面的热力效应差异显著,昼间的热源效应南向壁面最为显著,北向壁面热源效应为负,夜间的热汇效应北向壁面最大;夏季各壁面的热力效应差异小于冬季,昼间的热源效应西向壁面较大,夜间的热汇效应东向壁面较明显。分析表明:城市建筑物外墙壁面的热力效应不可忽视,其对立体城市气候的形成有着重要的贡献。

The impact of city buildings＇ external wall surfaces on the courtyard air temperature was analyzed by using observational data of the courtyard air temperature, buildings＇ external wall surfaces＇ temperature, and the air temperature near the buildings＇ external wall surfaces in winter （January） and summer （July） in Kunming, a city located in low latitude plateau. Results indicate that, the interaction of buildings and courtyard atmosphere, with the walls of different direction, different seasons, and time differences, the discrepancy is significant. Building and the courtyard atmosphere interact each other, buildings＇ external wall surfaces heat the courtyard atmosphere in daytime, and the courtyard atmospheric heat buildings in nighttime. With the high increasing, the transferring heat of buildings＇ wail surfaces to the courtyard atmospheric reduced, the transferring heat of courtyard atmospheric to the building increased in nighttime; the temperature of air near buildings （distance is O. 5 m） approximately equals to the temperature of courtyard atmosphere.