当代中国文学为何退出公共领域

Why Has Contemporary Chinese Literature Retreated from Public Sphere

近15年,当代中国文学从中心走向边缘。文学边缘化的问题不在于失去"公众性",而是失去"公共性"。20世纪80年代,曾经存在文学公共领域,文学工作者不仅关注公共问题,并且以文学形式把这些思考表达出来。但是近15年,文学逐渐与公共生活无关。文学公共领域的消失不能归咎于文学市场,也不能完全归咎于行政体制,主要原因在于文学工作者无法摆脱道德永动机和纯文学的二元框架。道德永动机的原则,从深层来说是注重"信念伦理",忽略"责任伦理";从浅层来说就是以道德评判代替文学评判,它严重阻碍了文学公共领域的构建。

In the last 15 years contemporary Chinese literature has been marginalized. Marginalization of literature does not consist in the loss of ＂publicity＂ but in the loss of ＂publicness＂. In the 1980s there was literary public sphere where literary staff not only show an interest in public issues but also put their thought in the literary form. However, in the past 15 years literature has gradually become irrelevant to the public life. The disappearance of literary public sphere can be attributed neither to literary market nor totally to the administrative system, but mainly to the failure of literary staff to cast off the dual framework of moral perpetual motion machine and belletrism. The principle of perpetual motion machine greatly hinders the construction of literary public sphere.