清末民初:从“人”到“个人”的过渡——论现代个人观念与中国文学的现代转型

At the End of the Qing Dynasty and at the Beginning of Republic of China:the Transition from "Human Being" to "Individual"

清末民初时期,中西文化全面接触、交流、融合,造成旧观念的解体和新观念的产生。中国传统的观念因子、意识结构乃至核心价值发生剧烈的动摇变化,西方"个人"话语以及西方现代个人观念的一些基本要素或理念先后被引入中国。但对民族、国家的忧患意识大大冲淡了终极的个人关怀,"国民"而非"个人"成为这个时代使用最频繁的一个名词。"国民",是中国现代个人观念起源的基本命题,也开启了中国小说由古典向现代形态的转型之路。

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and in the beginning of Republic of China, the Western culture and Chinese culture came to a stage, comprehensively encountered and interchanged, created the old idea disintegration and the new idea production. At this time, the discourse of ＂individual＂ of the West and some basic Western modern individual idea were introduced to China successively. But the sense of hardship to national has diluted the ultimate individual concern greatly, ＂nationals＂ not ＂individual＂ becomes a most frequent noun. ＂Nationals＂ becomes the elementary sentence which the Chinese modern individual idea origins, also has opened the Chinese novel by classically to the modern shape.