荒漠绿洲边缘土地合理利用与沙产业发展技术体系研究——以民勤绿洲为例

Technical system of rational land use and deserticulture in desert oasis——A case study of Minqin Oasis

通过水土资源现状的分析评价,发现2005年民勤绿洲粮经草比例为36.94∶45.16∶17.90,与1991年相比,土地利用格局正向粮经草比例优化和农林牧协调方向发展;民勤绿洲土地资源的限制性因素主要为水分、土质、盐碱和肥力;对水资源现状分析发现民勤绿洲年缺水量达3.921 8亿m3。根据民勤绿洲自然条件和沙产业发展的理论要求,引进并筛选出适宜民勤绿洲边缘栽培的"中苜1号"、"兰热莱恩德"、"苜蓿54"、"德宝"4个紫花苜蓿品种和乌拉尔甘草、中麻黄、沙葱等优良、节水、抗旱的植物种和品种;提出了民勤绿洲边缘土地合理利用和沙产业的发展方向——节水农业和生态产业,主要包括通过合理的林草、林药间作和草田轮作制度,提高水土资源利用率和光能利用率;培育并发展苜蓿、麻黄、甘草、葡萄、马铃薯、棉花、舍饲肉羊等多种形式的荒漠生态产业。通过这些措施的实施,在民勤绿洲及其边缘地区建立"土壤-环境系统,植物-品种系统,节水栽培及产业化发展的技术措施系统"相互耦合的沙产业技术体系,逐步形成粮经草1∶1∶1的土地利用格局,促进民勤绿洲生态经济型沙产业的可持续发展。

Investigation and evaluation of soil and water resources in Minqin Oasis indicate that the proportion of grain crop,cash crop and grass is 36.94∶45.16∶17.90 for 2005.And a comparison with that for 1991 indicates that land use structure is developing towards rational proportion of grain crop,cash crop and grass;and harmony among agriculture,stockbreeding and forest.The main limiting factors of land resources are water,soil quality,salinity and fertility,and there is about 3.9218 × 10^8 m^3 water deficit per year in Minqin Oasis.Based on the natural conditions and deserticulture theory,some high quality,water-saving and drought-resistant plant species and varieties are introduced in Minqin Oasis.These include four alfalfa species of ＂Zhongmu No.1＂,＂Ranger Lander＂,＂Barlfa54＂ and ＂Derby＂;and Glycyrrhiza uralensis,Ephedra intermedia and Allium mongolicum.The development aim of land use and deserticulture in Minqin Oasis are advanced as： water-saving agriculture and ecological industry to improve utilization of soil,water and light,which in turn involves rational intercropping of forest-grass and forest-herb medicinal plants,grass-crop ration;cultivation and development of alfalfa,G.uralensis,E.intermedia,grape,potato,cotton and home-breed sheep.Implementation of the above measures benefits technological establishment of deserticulture including soil/environment system,plant species/variety system,water-saving cultivation and industrialization system,and insures proportion of grain crop,cash crop and grass on 1∶1∶1 basis and furthers sustainable development of ecological deserticulture.