农村景观格局的水环境效应研究进展

Advances in research on the effect of rural landscape pattern on water environment

我国农村地区水环境污染与水生态系统功能退化问题日益突出。本文综述了近年来国内外学者关于农村景观格局对水环境质量、水资源调配的影响及其优化方法与途径方面的研究进展。总体来看,诸多研究主要集中在中小尺度、对单一景观组分的静态研究,而基于大尺度和多景观组分的动态研究相对不足,国内模型研究多停留在对现有成熟模型的参数修正和简单耦合阶段,不同景观组分空间配置格局对水环境影响及其情景模拟研究少有报道。农村景观格局对水环境效应的生态、水文作用机理、基于流域尺度的模型耦合及其不确定性分析、景观格局优化方法及其情景预测和服务于决策管理的应用研究亟待开展。

Due to serious pollution of rural water environments in China, it is very crucial that our knowledge on water environmental pollution control theory and technique are augmented. In this paper, the impact of rural landscape pattern on water quality and landscape-optimizing methods are reviewed. At present, much studies focus on the static effect of single landscape on water environment on small- to medium-scale rather than a dynamic landscape effect at multi-componential large-scale. And most domestic researches stagnate on parameter adaptation for existing models and simple re-coupling. Prediction scenarios of water environment effects of different landscape patterns also require augmentation. Studies should be directed in the following areas： interaction mechanism between rural landscape patterns and ecological processes, models of water environment effects based on watershed landscapes and uncertainty analyses, optimization methods of landscape patterns and their research applications for decisionmaking and management in China.