改革开放30年中国工业发展与空间布局变化

INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AND GEOGRAPHICAL CHANGE IN CHINA DURING THE PAST 30 YEARS OF REFORM AND OPENING UP

经过改革开放30年来的发展,中国工业生产能力和总量规模居世界前列,并已成为全球工业品消费市场的生产加工基地,但出口制成品所具有的国际竞争优势仍主要为劳动密集型产品。国内居民消费升级、城市化进程推进、国际产业转移等因素推动中国工业结构调整,并于近年来呈现显著的重型化特点。过去30年间,中国工业发展的区域差异呈先缩小后扩大的趋势,集中体现在沿海与内陆地区的差异。国际分工、技术进步、资源环境约束、政策体制等因素是影响中国工业发展与空间布局的主要因素,其中中国坚持对外开放、适时调整区域经济政策的成效尤为显著。

Industry development plays a very important role in national economy, thus industrial development and its geographical change in China have gained much attention in both theoretical and practical domains. After 30 years of reform and opening up, China＇s industrial development has made great achievements and the process of industrialization has been significantly speeded up. At present, China has become a large international manufactttring country, and it has ranked top in the world in aspect of major manufacturing products. However, compared to developed countries, competitive advantage of China＇ s manufacturing is still mainly attributed to labor-intensive products. Industrial structure of China in the past 30 years has experienced different periods, one of which is the fast development of heavy and chemical industries since 1998. Domestic consumption upgrade, acceleration of urbanization process, and international industrial transfer dominated by Transnational Corporations （TNCs） are the most important factors promoting China＇s industrial restructuring in recent years. Over the past 30 years, China＇s regional industrial disparity showed U-shaped Characteristics, that＇s to say, after the narrowing period from 1978 to 1992, regional difference in industrial output has experienced a continuing expansion process, especially the disparity between coastal regions and inland areas. Meanwhile, new industrial centers have taken the place of traditional industrial centers with the manufacturing agglomeration in coastal provinces, such as Guangdong, Zhejiang, and Jiangsu Provinces. There are many factors affecting China＇s industrial change, but the impact of China＇ s regulation and policy reform plays a most significant role in shaping the industrial geography of China, such as stability of opening-up policy, and improvement of regional policies and dynamic regulation innovation are particularly important.