地震灾区传染病控制措施效果分析

Effect Analysis on Infectious Diseases Control in Earthquake Destructive Area

目的探索特大地震灾害后传染病控制的有效模式和方法。方法采取有针对性的防控措施,开展随机抽样的问卷调查,对防控效果进行快速评估。结果在调查的358户居民中,居住环境消毒的有343户,其中重灾区和轻灾区住户的消毒比例分别为96.07%和95.56%,厕所消毒处理比例分别为92.70%和87.78%;88.27%的被调查者居住简易帐篷,其中符合卫生学要求仅占58.06%;88.27%的人饮用井水,其中未消毒的占2.22%;有5.03%的居民住户食用凉拌菜,12.85%的吃过剩菜剩饭;按规范深埋、消毒的尸体占总数的97.02%;100%的乡镇开展了传染病监测的日报工作;有16个乡镇广播宣传频次为15次/d。结论采取的控制措施科学有效,但这些措施还需要更长时间来验证。

Objective To explore the effective modes and methods for infectious diseases control after the severely destructive earthquake. Method Targeted measures for infectious diseases prevention and control were taken and, random sampling questionnaire survey was carried out to gain a quick assessment on effect of in- fectious diseases prevention and control. Result According to the investigation result of the 358 households, the habitation environment of 343 households had been disinfected, and the disinfection rates in the worst-hit areas and lightly-hit areas were 96.07% and 95.56% respectively. The water closets disinfection rates in the worst-hit areas and lightly-hit areas is 92. 70% and 87.78% respectively. 88.27% of the persons in restigated lived in the simple tents, and only 58.06% in accord with the request of hygiene. The water resource of 88.27% persons was well water, and 2.22% of the water had never been disinfected. 5.03% of the households had eaten the uncooked food. 12. 85% of the households had eaten the leftovers. 97.02% of the dead bodies had been normalized deeply buried and disinfected. 100% of the townships had conducted the daily-report work of the infectious disease monitoring. The propaganda frequency through the broadcast in 16 townships was 15 times per day. Conclusion The measures which have been taken are scientific and effective, but they still need to be validated.