星形胶质细胞的生物学功能及其与疾病的关系研究进展

Research Progress of Biology Function of Astrocyte and Its Relationship with Disease

星形胶质细胞As为中枢神经系统内多种胶质细胞中的一种.在正常中枢神经组织中,胶质细胞与神经元的比例是10：1-50：1,而星形胶质细胞在脑内数目最多,是中枢神经系统中最主要的大胶质细胞,并具有复杂多样的结构与功能.神经元-星形胶质细胞作为神经系统功能单位,它们之间的相互作用在中枢神经系统中非常重要,参与了中枢神经系统从胚胎发生到老化的各个活动,贯穿了神经元的整个发育过程.随着对中枢神经系统疾病病理机制和治疗手段的深入研究,人们认识到在神经系统发育、突触传递、神经组织修复与再生、神经免疫及多种神经疾病的病理方面都与星形胶质细胞密不可分.对星形胶质细胞的生物学功能及其与疾病的关系进行了较为系统的阐述,以期为相关疾病的临床治疗提供参考.

Astrocytes are the kind of colloid cells in central nervous system. In normal central nervous tissue,the ratio of colloid cell to neuron is 10 ： 1 - 50 ： 1 ,but astrocytes are the most important large colloid cells in central nervous system. At the same time they have complicated structures and functions. The mutual function of neuron-astrocyte is very important in central nervous system as nervous system unit. It takes part in growth process from embryo development to aging of the whole central nervous system and participates the whole process of neuron development. As more and more research works about disease mechanism and therapy in central nervous system were carried out,we realized that astroeytes are versatile such as nervous system development, synapse transmission, nervous tissue disease process of many nervous system diseases.