劳动法的执法困境与反思——以煤矿安全基准法为视角

On Difficulties of Enforcement of Labor Law——from the Aspect of Mine Safety Standards Law

我国劳动法的主要功能在于通过保障弱者的基本生存利益以维护社会公正,通过国家强制性立法保障劳工的人身健康与安全。尽管在立法层面我国劳动安全基准法已经比较完善,然而执法却面临巨大的困境。以煤矿安全基准法的立法体系与执法为视角,我们可以发现政府、资方与劳动者各自的法律处境与行为动因复杂,政府职能的改进是提高劳动法执法效力的重要前提。短期来看,可以通过加强劳动监察的独立性、平衡用人单位与劳动者的力量等途径改善劳动法的执法状况。

The main function of labor law in China is to protect laborers＇ health and safety though the legislation. It could maintain the social justice by protecting weaker party＇s basic survive interests. On the legislation level, labor safety standards law of China is quite perfect, but on the enforcement level, the law faces numbers of difficulties. According to the analysis of mine safety standards law, the improvement of government＇s function is the most important factor to influence the effect of enforcement. At present, the situation can be improved by strengthening the independence of labor supervision and balancing the relationship between the employing units and labors.