中国粳稻地方品种孕穗期耐冷性评价及聚类分析

Evaluation of Cold Tolerance at Booting Stage and Cluster Analysis for Japonica Rice Landraces in China

用原产于中国18个省的329份粳稻地方品种为材料,分析了自然低温和冷水胁迫下不同省份粳稻地方品种孕穗期耐冷性及主要农艺性状表型差异和聚类特点。结果表明,在自然低温和冷水胁迫下各省份粳稻地方品种的孕穗期耐冷性状及主要农艺性状有明显的差异。在自然低温和冷水胁迫下,天津、四川和台湾品种的结实率及冷水反应指数均较高,表现较强的孕穗期耐冷性和迟钝的冷水反应。云南品种在自然低温下表现为较强的孕穗期耐冷性(结实率),而在冷水胁迫下播种至抽穗天数和株高的冷水反应指数较高,表现为迟钝的冷水反应。从总体趋势上看,自然低温和冷水胁迫下,除个别省份外,纬度相对较高的北方省份品种的孕穗期耐冷性(结实率)强于纬度相对较低的南方省份品种。此外,在自然低温和冷水胁迫下,各省粳稻地方品种的聚类结果总体上与各省品种的地理位置及其耐冷性有密切的联系,而在冷水胁迫下品种的聚类结果与品种地理位置的关系比自然低温下更为密切。

The cold tolerance at the booting stage of 329 japonica rice landraces from 18 provinces in China were evaluated under natural low temperature and cold water irrigation, and the cluster of different landraces was analyzed. The result showed that performance of cold tolerance at the booting stage and main agronomic traits associated with cold tolerance among the landraces had significant differences under natural low temperature and cold water irrigation. Seed setting rate and cold water response index （CRI） of the landraces from Tianjin, Sichuan and Taiwan, which had stronger cold tolerance, and not sensitive to cold water at the booting stage, were higher than those of other provinces under natural low temperature and cold water irrigation. Yunnan japonica rice landraces showed stronger cold tolerance （seed setting rate） at booting stage under natural low temperature, and CRI of sowing to heading days and plant height were also higher, and not sensitive to cold water under cold water stress. From the overall trend, beside specific provinces, the cold tolerance （seed setting rate） at booting stage of landraces from relatively higher latitude of north provinces were stronger than those from relatively low latitude of southern provinces. In addition, the cluster results of the landraces were closely associated with geographical location and cold tolerance under natural low temperature and cold water irrigation. Moreover, the cluster results were more closely correlated with geographical location under cold water stress than that of natural low temperature.