论特殊救济程序的边界——兼论《民事诉讼法》再审事由之修改

On the Border of the Exceptional Remedy Procedure——And on Amendments of the Reasons for the Retrial of Civil Procedure Law

既判力有正负两方面的价值,正向价值排斥再审,而负向价值又是再审存在的逻辑前提所在。对既判力的正负向价值进行界定和明确,以确定既判力作用的合理边界。再审程序不同于普通救济程序,除了在于它的救济对象是已生效的裁判(或成为确定裁判)外,更重要的是再审程序特有的原则。这次的再审程序对再审事由的细化,更加强调了程序正当性的重要性,但是我们仍然看到对再审事由的规定还是没有突破实质性错误不能提起再审的法治国家的原则,再审事由朝着这方面发展才能更加合理化。

Res judicata has both positive and negative values. The positive value excludes the retrial, while the negative value is the logical premise of the retrial. The positive and negative values of res judicata should be defined and determined clearly to define the reasonable border of the res judicata function. The retrial procedure is different from the common remedy procedure. Except that the object of the remedy is the acted judgment （or determined judgment）, the principles of the retrial procedure are more important. Refining the reasons for the retrial by the retrial process stresses more the importance of the procedure. However, we should consider the principle of a country the ruled by law - if there are no essential errors of the reasons for the retrial, retrial can not be re-instituted. It is more rational that the reasons for the retrial develop toward the direction.