工程共同体的本性

On the Nature of Community of Engineering

不同于"科学共同体"和"技术共同体","工程共同体"是现实工程活动所必须的特定人群共同体。该共同体是有结构的,由不同角色的人们组成,包括工程师、工人、投资者、管理者等利益相关者。从工程共同体的类型来看,可以分为"工程活动共同体"与"工程职业共同体",前者比后者更为基本,没有工程活动的共同体,也就没有工程职业共同体,正是在这个意义上说,相对于工程活动共同体,工程职业共同体就是亚共同体。从工程共同体的组织形式来看,工程共同体的组织形式或实体样式因其类型不同而异,即"工程活动共同体"的组织形式或实体样式为各类企业、公司或项目部等,它们是工程活动共同体的现实形态,并以制度的、工艺的、管理的方式或者以"物流"为基础的"人流",表现为一定的结构模式;"工程职业共同体"的组织形式或实体样式则为工程师协会或学会、雇主协会、企业家协会、工会等,其显著的功能在于维护职业共同体职业形象和内部成员的合法权益,确立并完善规范,以集体认同的方式为个体辩护。从工程共同体的特征来看,则表现在组织性质、动力机制、结构分层、主体构成、获得承认的路径、制度性目标等多个方面。

Differing from scientific community and technological community,community of engineering is a special community of crowd needed by real activities of engineering. This community has its own structure,and it is made up of people with different roles,such as engineers,workers,investors,managers and others of relative benefit. From the style of community of engineering,it is divided into the community of engineering activities and the community of engineering profession,and the former is basic more than the latter. From the organizational form,enterprises and corporations are organizational forms of the community of engineering activities,and various labour unions and associations of employers are organizational forms of the community of engineering profession. From the characters of community of engineering,they are embodied in many aspects such as organizational property,dynamic system,structural delamination,subjective forming,the approaches of social acceptance,and the institutional aims,etc.