地震灾区青少年学生心理健康状况调查

Survey on mental health of adolescent student in earthquak disaster area

目的探讨四川省地震灾区青少年学生的心理健康水平及人格特征。方法应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、艾森克人格问卷(EPQ)(儿童版),对地震灾区20d后137例学生进行心理测评。结果灾区青少年学生心理问题发生率为31.3%,其中较明显的有强迫为35.8%,人际关系敏感为30.7%,焦虑为24.1%,抑郁为22.6%,敌意为20%,恐惧为15.3%。女生除躯体化、偏执、敌意,附加因子外,其他因子得分均明显高于男生;灾区学生SCL-90中各因子得分均高于对照组,主要表现为恐怖、焦虑、精神病症状、总分方面,提示灾区青少年学生的心理健康水平明显低于对照组。人格测评结果显示,有心理问题的灾区青少年具有内向、情绪不稳定的人格特征。结论灾区青少年学生的心理健康水平较低,要特别关注那些内向及情绪不稳定的学生,对他们及早进行心理干预。

Objective To explore the mental health status and personality character of adolescent students in Sichuan earthquake disaster area. Methods Symptom check list 90 and Eysenck personality questionnaire（children edition） were used to assess the mental health status and personality of 137 students in disastar area twenty days after the earthquake. Results The incidence of mental problems of the students in disaster area was 31.3 %. The rate of obsession - compulsion was 35.8 %, interpersonal sensitivity was 30.7 %, anxiety was 24.1%, depression was 22.6 %, hostility was 20 %, and, phobia was 15.3 %. Except somatization, paranoid idention, hostility and additional items, the scores of other items of schoolgirl were higher than that of the schoolboy. The scores of anxiety, phobia, psychoticism and global severity index of the students were higher than that of the control group. The result of personality test showed that students with mental problems had the character of introversion and instable emotion. Conclusion The level of mental health of students in disaster area is lower than the control group. We must pay attention to the mental health of adolescent especially introversion students with instable emotion, and mental intervention should be carried out as soon as possible.