工作压力对不同性别职业人群身心健康影响

Gender diffierences in effect of psychosocial work environment on health functioning in Chinese urban occupational population

目的运用哥本哈根社会心理问卷(COPSOQ))调查城市普通职业人群工作压力对身心健康的影响,并研究影响因素在性别上的差异。方法随机抽取某城市中心城区30～65岁的1133名男性和1045名女性职工进行横断面调查。运用协方差分析比较不同性别职业人群工作压力各个模块(工作要求、个人影响和发展、人际关系和领导能力、工作不稳定性和工作满意度)以及身心健康得分的差异,并运用Logistic多元回归分析男女两性COPSOQ各模块与身心健康的关系。结果工作要求、个人影响、发展与人际关系和领导能力3个模块以及自评生理、心理健康得分性别差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01),女性得分普遍低于男性。此外,Logistic回归分析结果显示,男性的工作要求、工作不稳定性、工作满意度和女性的工作要求及工作不稳定性等模块与生理健康相关(P<0.05);男性的工作要求、人际关系和领导能力、工作不稳定性和女性的工作要求、个人影响和发展及工作不稳定性等模块与心理健康相关(P<0.01),并呈现一定的剂量-反应关系。结论城市职业人群的身心健康与工作场所中的各种社会心理因素有关,性别差异有统计学意义,女性相对于男性职业人群更容易受到工作压力对健康的影响。

Objective To examine the association between work stress measured by Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire（COPSOQ） and health functioning in Chinese working men and women, and to analyze the gender difference. Methods A survey was conducted in a sample of 2178 subjects with 1133 men and 1045 women aged 30 -- 65 years, chosen randomly from the central area of a city. The covariance was applied to compare the scores of 5 COPSOQ scales（demands at work, influence and development, interpersonal relations and leadership, insecurity at work, and job satisfaction） and health functioning between men and women. Then the logistic regression was used to investigate the association between each scale of work stress and health functioning by gender. Results The scales of demands at work, influence and development, interpersonal relations and leadership, physical health and mental health were different significantly btween men and women（ P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01） and the women＇s average scores were lower than those of the men. The restults of the logistic regression indicated physical health was related to demands at work, insecurity at work, job satisfaction in men, and to demands at work, insecurity at work in women, respectively. Whereas mental health was associated with demands at work, interpersonal relationship and leadership, insecurity at work in men, and with demands at work, influence and development, insecurity at work in women, respectively（P 〈 0.05 or P 〈 0.01 ）. Dose - response relationships could be observed in both men and women. Conclusion The psychosocial factors in workplace had negative effects on health functioning, and the health of working women was more vulnerable to work stress than men.