新型气体信号分子硫化氢的研究进展

Research Development of Novel Gaseous Signal Molecule Hydrogen Sulfide

硫化氢(H2S)作为一种有毒气体,人类认识和研究其作用已有300多年的历史。直到20世纪90年代中期,人们才发现H2S是存在生物体内的一种新型的内源性气体信号分子。H2S首先被报道是一种存在于脑内的神经递质,生理浓度的H2S对神经系统海马的长时程增强功能具有重要的调节作用。近年来,越来越多的研究证实,H2S在自发性高血压、慢性阻塞性肺气肿、脓毒血症或出血性休克、阿尔茨海黙病、胃黏膜损伤及肝硬化等多种疾病过程中发挥着重要的病理生理效应,而其作用特点有别于另外两种气体信号分子NO及CO。内源性H2S是一种新的气体信号分子,对其进一步研究是当前生物医学领域的崭新课题,具有重要的理论和临床意义。

Hydrogen sulphide （ H2S） , as a poisonous gas, has been recognized and studied for over 300 years. It has not been recognized as a new endogenous gaseous signal molecule in the organism till 1990 s. H2 S was firstly reported as a neuromodulator in the brain because of its essential role in the induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation at physiological concentrations. In recent years, more and more evidences prove that H2S might exert important pathophysiologieal effects in the pathogenesis of many clinical diseases such as spontaneous hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, septic and endotoxic shock, hemorrhagic shock, Alzheimer＇s disease, gastric mueosal injury and liver cirrhosis,in a manner distinctive from that of nitric oxide and carbon monoxide. Endogenous H2S is a kind of new gaseous singal molecule, its further studies will provide a novel direction for the basic and clinical research.