“厉与西施,道通为一”——庄子审丑观述评

Two Integrates One of Beauty and Disgrace: Comment on Zhuangzi’s View-point of Disgrace

庄子认为,丑和美从道的观点看是同一的,万物一体,都是道的物化。在常人看来,"离形去知"的人是无用的,丑废之人是无用的;如果从道的观点看,物的有用与无用是相对的,无用之材也有大用。一个人如果能"坐忘","离形去知,"使之形若槁木,心如死灰,就能入道,这样就能遭遇灾难而等闲视之,视生死如气之聚散,保持一种愉悦而自由的心境。庄子的审丑观是一种遁世的消极的人生观在美学上的表现,然而却具有深刻的辩证法思想和审丑的方法论意义。

Zhuangzi （369-268 B.C.）a Chinese philosopher and writer of Warring States period believed that in view of the concept of Taoism the beauty and disgrace are regarded as the equal same one. It is because that all things in the world would be identical which is called by the Taoist theory. This is an irresistible trend that new things would come out and the old things would die out. The Taoist theory teaches us as one takes the disaster and misfortune as unimportant trifles, he would keep a pleasant psychology towards everything. Zhuangzi＇s view-point towards disgrace is an inactive attitude towards human life in the concept of aesthetics. However, it is of deep significance of dialectics and methodology of disgrace appraisal.