“反规划”与生态基础设施:城市化过程中对自然系统的精明保护(英文)

The Negative Approach and Ecological Infrastructure:The Smart Preservation of Natural Systems in the Process of Urbanization

以人口为基础、以经济发展为目标的传统城市发展规划模式,不能应对中国城市快速发展和环境可持续的问题。"反规划"提出城市的建设规划必须以生态基础设施(EI)为依据,而不是建立在人口预测和市政基础设施之上。"反规划"与当代的景观都市主义和前科学时代城市建设中的"风水"有相同理念,并源于19世纪的以绿道作为游憩基础设施的思想、20世纪初的城市绿带作为城市形态控制的思想和20世纪后期关于生态基础设施作为生物保护基础的思想。生态基础设施由关键性的景观结构构成,它们对景观中的各种自然过程、生物过程、遗产保护及游憩过程具有战略性的意义,维护对人类社会所不可或缺的自然资产和自然服务。在快速的城市发展过程中,EI是精明保护与精明增长的有效工具,必须先于城市的发展规划进行规划,并框限城市未来的规模、格局与形态。EI用尽可能少的土地,通过关键性和战略性的规划,来对土地生命系统的生态服务进行捍卫。以浙江台州为例,论文讨论了如何用EI来进行城市的可持续发展规划。

The conventional approach for economic centered urban development planning failed to meet the challenges of swift urbanization and sustainability issues in China. The ＂negative approach＂ defines an urban growth pattern and urban form, through the identification and planning of Ecological Infrastructure （ El）, instead of reviewing through the projection of population and planning of civil infrastructure in the conventional approach. The negative approach has its roots in landscape urbanism and has evolved from the pre-seientific model of Fengshui as the backbone of human settlement, the 19th century notion of greenways as recreational infrastructure, the early 20th century idea of green belts as urban form makers, and the late 20th century notion of ecological networks and El as a biological preservation framework. El is composed of critical landscape structure that are strategically identified and planned to safeguard the various natural, biological, cultural and recreational processes across the landscape, securing natural assets and ecosystems services, essential for sustaining human society. El functions as an effective tool for smart growth in the context of rapid urbanization, and is planned ahead of time, anticipating the scale, context and configuration of future urban development patterns. E1 is strategically planned and developed using less land but more efficiendy preserving the ecosystems services. Using Taizhou City as a ease study, this paper demonstrates how to use E1 as a tool to guide and frame sustainable urban development.