地下水资源利用的演变与农民的机井私有化反应:来自于河北农村地区的实证研究(英文)

Development of Groundwater Resources and Farmers' Response on Privatizing Tubewells:Empirical Research in the Rural Areas of Hebei Province

论文的目的是调查水资源利用状况,分析地下水资源在使用过程中存在的问题以及农民通过机井私有化而改变水资源利用的一些反应状况。研究以河北省农村地下水资源利用为例,论文中所用到的数据主要来自2006年在河北省随机调查的20个村。研究结果表明,河北农村地下水资源的利用主要分为3个阶段:20世纪50年代早期,农民开始打井利用地下水资源;从70年代开始,地下水资源的利用进入了加速期;而80年代中后期,地下水资源被过度利用,随着机井数量的继续增加,一些环境问题不断出现,例如水位的下降等。研究发现,伴随着水位的下降,农民也逐渐做出了适应性反应,他们开始将一些机井的所有权和管理权私有化。而机井的私有化将导致高附加值的作物面积增加(例如,蔬菜和水果等),同时机井的私有化也同作物产量提高之间还存在着积极的关系。最后,研究提出,在设计地下水资源管理政策时,政策制定者需要充分掌握农民的反应,通过正确引导农民的反应提高水资源使用效率。

The purpose of this paper is to examine the development and emerging problems of groundwater resources, and farmers＇ responses to the changes of groundwater management through privatizing tubewells in the rural areas of Hebei Provinces. The data used in this paper were collected from a field survey in 20 randomly selected villages in Hebei Province in 2006. Our results show that the development of groundwater resources can be divided into three stages. Farmers started digging tubewells in the early 1950s and accelerated the development since the early 1970s. After the mid 1980s, the tubewells continued to increase with emerging of some environmental problems, such as the decline of groundwater table. With decline of groundwater table, farmers have responses to privatizing the tubewell ownership and management. The privatization of tubewells will increase the sown areas of high value crops （such as vegetables and fruits ） and have some possible positive relationship with crops yield. When designing the management policies of groundwater resources, policy makers need to understand how farmers have made response and use their response to manage groundwater effectively.