跨国水资源保护法律问题研究(英文)

The Research on the Legal Problem of Protecting Trans-boundary Water Resources

跨国水资源包括国际河流、湖泊及其大小支流,或者国际河流的入口和出口(通常称为国际流域)以及处于两国或更多国家管辖之内的地下水系统。环境保护是世界各国应承担的义务,流域各国在自己境内利用跨国水资源或进行其他活动时,有义务通过国际合作或者采取合理的单边措施,保护国际流域水资源,防止对其他流域国造成重大损害。规范跨国水资源保护问题的国际法律文件包括全球性水条约、区域性和流域水条约、政府间组织的决议和宣言、国际法学术团体的决议和规则等。根据这些文件的规定以及国际社会的实践,流域各国应当采取的保护国际流域水资源的措施包括但不限于环境影响评价、交流信息、监测、通知、紧急情况下的援助、控制污染、公众参与等,这些措施有助于预防和减少损害。中国在保护相关跨国水资源方面也采取了环境影响评价、交流信息等措施,但是需要加强和改进。

Trans-boundary water resources contain trans-boundary groundwater systems as well as international rivers, lakes and their tributaries, or the entrances and exits of international rivers. Environmental protection is a duty of every state. Every basin state has the duty to protect international basin water resources, who should take reasonable measures such as international cooperation and lateral measures to prevent from significant trans-boundary harm. The legal papers that provides for the problem of protecting trans-boundary water resources contains global water treaties, regional and basin water treaties, the resolutions, declarations and rules adopted by some intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations. According to these papers and the practice of international society, every basin state should take such measures as environmental impact assessment, exchanging data and information, supervision, informing, controlling pollution, public participation to prevent from and minimize harm. China has taken some measures to protect involved trans-boundary water resources.