中国湖泊水环境基准的研究进展

Research progress in lake water quality criteria in China

中国湖泊污染形势严峻、生态健康效应复杂,亟需适合中国区域特点的水环境基准作为加强污染控制、治理和管理的理论依据,但目前我国湖泊水环境基准的系统研究尚未开展.本文从水环境基准的意义、概念、研究历史、现状和发展趋势等几个方面对中国湖泊水环境基准研究进行了剖析回顾和展望:首先阐述了开展区域性水环境基准研究的迫切性和科学意义,揭示了"科学确定基准"的内涵;然后详细回顾了国内外湖泊水环境基准的研究历史、现状及存在的关键问题,提出了湖泊水环境基准的"三性"原则(科学性、基础性和区域性),指出环境暴露、效应识别和风险评估是基准研究的三个关键环节;最后提出中国湖泊水环境基准的研究方向和发展趋势.本文强调:阐明中国水环境的演变规律和特征,需要开展水环境污染过程和生态毒理效应研究;建立具有我国区域特点的湖泊水环境基准理论、技术和方法体系是面向国际科学前沿和解决中国环境管理重大科技需求的重要任务,它既可推动中国毒理学、生物学、生态学及环境与生物地球化学等学科的发展,又可为湖泊流域的环境管理和污染防治提供技术支撑,整体提升我国环境保护科学研究的水平和国际地位.

In consideration of the grim situation of China＇s lake pollution and complex ecological health effects, it is urgent to carry out studies on lake water quality criteria fitted to China＇s regional characteristics, as theoretic bases for lake pollution prevention, control and management. However, little systematic research work has been done. This article deals with China＇s lake water quality criteria areas in terms of the criteria importance, concepts, research history, status, trend, urgence, and scientific significance： F;,rst, this article gives a detailed review on the research history, status and developing trend as well as the key scientific problems in the lake water quality criteria research area both at home and abroad. Authors put forward criteria＇s concepts and ＂three＂ principles （scientific, basic and regional）, and pointed out that environmental exposure, effect distinction and risk assessment are the three key processes for water quality criteria. Finally, the article put forward search direction and developing trends involved in this research field in China. The article stresses that in order to conduct studies on the processes of water pollution and eco-toxicological effects it is necessary to carry out research on the rules and charatcteristics of evolution of China＇s water environment; It also suggests that establishing theoretical, technological and methodological systems of the lake water environment criteria fitted with China＇s regional characteristics is an international scientific forefront of environmental management, and is also an important task to resolve China＇s major scientific and technological needs for environment management; this will not only promote the development of China＇s toxicology, biology, ecology, environmental science and biogeochemistry, but also provide technological support to the environmental management of lake catchment environmental management and pollution control, and enhance China＇s overall level of scientific research on environmental protection as well as China＇s international status.