营养不良对儿童形态、生理机能和运动能力的影响

The effect of malnutrition on body patterning,physiological function and sport ability of children

目的:探讨营养不良对儿童身体形态、生理机能和运动能力的影响。方法:随机整群抽取2所小学,在7～12岁的男生中按身高标准体重筛选营养不良儿童,以筛查出的营养不良儿童112名为病例组,根据其年龄、性别和年级,选择营养正常儿童112例作为对照组。以统一方法检测形态指标、机能指标和运动素质指标。结果:营养不良组的形态指标中,身高、体重、胸围、皮褶厚度均低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);生理机能指标中,营养不良组肺活量指数、握力指数小于对照组(P<0.01),两组儿童收缩压、舒张压、脉搏差异无显著性(P>0.05);运动素质指标中,营养不良组400m跑所需时间多于对照组(P<0.01),立定跳远、坐位体前屈、仰卧起坐、50m跑、25m×4往返跑两组儿童差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论:营养不良影响儿童形态、机能和运动素质,应积极采取措施预防营养不良的发生。

Objective： To explore the effect of malnutrition on body patterning, physiological function and sport ability of children. Methods： Children aged 7 - 12 years old from two primary schools by cluster sampling were investigated. On the basis of sex, age and grade, a case -control study including 112 malnourished children selected by weight for height and 112 control children was conducted. The body patterning indexes, physiological function indexes and sport ability indexes were detected with unified form. Results： Among body patterning indexes, height, weight, chest circumference and skin fold thickness in malnutrition group were all lower than those in control group （P 〈0. 05 or P 〈0.01 ）. Among physiological function indexes, index of vital capacity, index of grip strength in malnutrition group were lower than those in control group （ P 〈 0. 01 ）, but there was no significant difference in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and pulse between malnutrition group and control group （ P 〈 0. 05）. Among sport ability indexes, there was no significant difference in standing long jump, crook before the seat body, sit ups, 50 metres run between malnutrition group and control group （ P 〉 0. 05）, but the time for 400 metres run in malnutrition group was longer than that in control group （ P 〈 0. 01 ） . Conclusion： Malnutrition can affect body patterning, physiological function and sport ability of children. The measures for prevention of malnutrition should be taken.