早期生物和环境因素对早产儿智力发育的影响研究

The Effect of Early Biological and Environmental Factres on Premature Intelligent Development

为了探讨早期生物和环境因素对早产儿智力发育的影响.方法 对283名3～8岁的早产儿进行智力发育追踪调查,随机选择283名足月正常体重儿做对照.结果 早产儿组智商(IQ)值明显低于足月儿组,统计学存在显著差异(P<0.0001).在孕周<30周早产儿中IQ<70者占80%,孕周30～32周中占43.7%;出生体重<1500g的早产儿IQ<70者占40.7%.影响早产儿智力发育的因素作多元逐步回归表明:出生孕周、体重、早期教育、新生儿疾病、孕期营养等为主要危险因素.结论 (1)尽量延长孕期、使其达34周、体重达1800g.(2)根据情况,对极低孕周,极低体重的早产儿抢救方案提出讨论.(3)注意早期干预和特殊教育,使早产儿发有潜力得到充分发挥.

To study the effect of eariy biological and environmental factors on premature intelligent development. Methods 283 prematures were followed for the intelligent developmant study at the age of 3-8, while other 283 normal full-term chi-dren at the same age were selected randomly as a control group. Results the IQ score in premature group were obviousty lower than that of the control group(P<0. 0001). Premature with IQ<70 account for 80% in GA <30 weeks. 43. 7% in GA 30-32 weeks and 40. 7% in those birth weights were lower than 1 500g. Analysis of step-wise regression showed that the main factors which affect intelligence of prematarity were the gestational age , birth weight, early education, neonatal diseases, nutrition during the pregnancy, parent's education background, head circumference of child, breast feeding during the infant period, asphyxia of the newborn, feeding time affter birth and the different levels of teachers. Conclusions ①Prolonged gestational age as possible to make it over 34 weeks and with a birth weight more than 1 800g. ②The management projects for the prematures of very low birth weight and very low gestatinal weeks should be discussed and estimated. ③Early intervenient and special education which were very important to the developmental potentials of premature can be broght out thorough