优秀田径运动员心率变异性分析

Analysis of the Heart Rate Variability in Elite Track and Field Athletes

目的:分析优秀田径运动员心率变异性(HRV)特征,为HRV在运动员选材、机能评定等应用提供理论依据。方法:选取江苏省专业运动队优秀田径运动员和普通健康人各25名进行连续5min心电图时域和频域记录获得HRV指标,以普通健康人为对照分析优秀田径运动员HRV特征。结果:(1)女运动员VLF低于男运动员(P<0.05),其余指标无性别差异。(2)优秀田径运动员SDNN、RMSSD、PNN50、TP、HF、VLF均高于普通健康人(P<0.05或P<0.01);LF、LF/HF二者无差异(P>0.05)。结论:(1)优秀田径运动员自主神经活性和迷走神经的紧张性没有性别差异,安静时男性运动员拥有较高的交感神经张力。(2)优秀田径运动员安静时比普通健康人拥有更强的心脏自主神经活性、更高的迷走神经紧张性和交感神经兴奋性,迷走和交感神经均衡性无差异。

Objective：To provide basis for selecting athletes and evaluating function by the index of heart rate variability we analyze the characteristics of HRV in elite track and field athletes. Methods：25 elite athletes of jiangsu and 28 health untrained people looked as control group were measured the electrocardiogram by time domain and frequency domain analysis of 5 mins short--term heart rate variability. Results（1）Compared with male athletes, the females show obvious lower difference in VLF（ P〈0. 05）; There is no gender statistical difference in the rest HRV indexes （P〈0.05）. （2 ） Compared with untrained people, the athletes have higher SDNN, RMSSD, PNN50,TP, HF, VLF （P〈0. 05 or P〈0. 01） and have no statistical difference in LF, LF/HF （P〉0. 05）. Conclusions： （1） Compared with male athletes, the female groups show lower sympathetic tone ; There is no gender statistical difference in function and balance of cardliovascular autonomic nerve system. （2）Compared with the health untrained people, the level of parasympathetic and sympathetic tone were elevated in elite athletes.