体育锻炼知、信、行干预对大学生心理健康的影响

Effect of Knowledge,Attitude and Practice Intervention of Physical Exercise on Undergraduate Mental Health

目的:本文从体育锻炼知、信、行干预与心理健康的内在关系等不同角度进行研究,以寻求改善和提高大学生心理健康的措施,为充分发挥学校体育教学的特殊功能,不断促进在校大学生的身心健康水平提供参考依据。方法:通过随机对照干预研究,比较实验组与对照组干预前后的心理症状的变化,探讨干预的效果。结果:用SCL-90测量发现,干预后大多数症状因子及总症状指数均出现下降。另外通过多因素分析,最终筛选出5个因素与总症状指数相关,其中4个因素,即:对专业感趣、母亲文化程度高、有固定体育爱好、对体育和健康有积极的态度均可以降低总症状指数,是保护性因素。而对学费担忧则可以提高总症状指数,是危险性因素。结论:本研究发现体育锻炼的知、信、行干预不仅可以明显提高大学生对体育锻炼及健康知识的认识水平和接受程度,而且能够改善大学生心理健康水平。

Objective： This article studied the inherent relationship of KAP （knowledge, attitude and practice） intervention of physical exercise and mental health from different angles, and sought the ways to improve and enhance mental health of undergraduate, gave full play to special features of the school physical education teaching, provided the reference unceasingly for the promotion in the undergraduate physical and moral health level. Methods： Through randomized controlled trial, the changes of the psychological symptoms before and after the intervention were studied. The interventional effects of the experimental group were compared with the control group. Results： Measured by SCL--90, the majority of symptoms indices and the general symptomatic index after the intervention have drop. Moreover through the multi--factor analysis, finally five factors that had a relationship with general symptomatic index were screened. Four factors, namely： the professional--fun, the mother of high education level, a fixed sports hobby, having a positive attitude to sports and health, can reduce the general symptomatic index, and are protective factors. But the worry about the tuition fees may enhance the general symptomatic index, is the risk factor. Conclusion： This research has discovered that KAP intervention not only may enhance obviously the level of understanding and receptivity to the physical training and the healthy knowledge in the undergraduate, but also may improved the level of undergraduate mental health.