中国服务业外商直接投资的区位选择因素分析

Analysis on Factors Affecting Location Choice of FDI in China's Service Industry

随着服务业开放程度的加深,服务业外商直接投资(FDI)流入的规模正在迅速增长。由于服务企业的经营活动具有自身的特点,其区位决策也必然不同于制造企业。文章试图从服务业的特征出发,探讨服务业跨国投资的区位选择动因,并在此基础上对服务业FDI在中国的区位影响因素进行实证检验。在前人研究的基础上,本文系统整理了服务业外商直接投资区位选择的影响因素,并建立了初步的理论分析框架,从需求因素、供给因素和市场环境因素三个方面分析服务业跨国公司的投资区位选择行为。随后,利用1998-2004年中国大陆15个省市的面板数据进行计量检验,结果发现:(1)从全国来看,基础设施和政府干预程度是影响我国服务业FDI区位选择的关键因素;(2)在东部地区,服务业FDI体现出较强的追随客户的特性,而中西部地区需要加大基础建设投资才能吸引更多的服务业FDI;(3)分时期的检验结果表明,服务业FDI追随客户的特性有逐渐加强的趋势。此外,服务业跨国公司在投资时一直对经济开放程度高的地区有所偏爱。

With the deepening of service industry＇s opening-up, the scale of FDI entering into service industry is sharply increasing. Because of the own characteristics of service enterprises＇ operating activities, their location choices are certainly different from manufacturing enterprises. Based on the features of service industry, the paper explores the location choice motivation of transnational investment in service industry and makes an em- pirical test of factors affecting location choice of FDI in China＇s service industry. It systematically introduces factors affecting location choice of FDI in service industry and analyzes location choice behaviors of multinational corporations in the perspectives of supply, demand and market environment by setting up a basic theoretical framework. Through an econometric test based on panel data of 15 provinces and cities in the mainland from 1998 to 2004, the results show that： （1） Infrastructure and governmental intervention are the key factors affecting location choice of FDI in China＇s service industry; （2） In eastern areas of China FDI in service industry is featured by strongly following customers＇ preferences while in central and western areas the provision of better infrastructure is the key to attracting more FDI in service industry; （3） The feature of customer following of FDI in service industry is becoming more and more prominent. Furthermore, multinational corporations in service industry always prefer to invest in areas with a high level of economic opening-up.