母乳喂养儿第一年内生长发育规律探讨

The Pattern of Growth of Breast-fed Infants in The First Year

选择枫林街道1990年1月～1992年12月出生的小儿共369人,男性175人,女性194人.根据不同喂养方式分为纯母乳喂养组(146人)和人工喂养组(223人).观察小儿出生1～6、9和I2个月的体重、身长、头围、胸围和中上臂围,计算体重和身长的逐月、6～9和9～12个月增值,比较两组贫血、佝偻病和前后半年的呼吸道感染和腹泻的发病率.以女性为例人工组体重自4个月起超过母乳组,到9和12个月达到显著意义.身长自 3个月起超过母乳组,差异有显著性.胸围和臂围分别在5和12个月时超过.除了第1个月外人工组的体重增值略均大于母乳组,自6个月起差异有显著性.前半年人工组的身长增值大于母乳组,在2、3个月时有显著性.男性小儿的生长情况和女性相似.贫血发病率两组无差异.但佝倭病和前半年的呼吸道感染人工组显著高于母乳组.全年的腹泻和后半年的呼吸道感染次数两组无差异.提示应鼓励母乳喂养,尤其在生后最初几个月.4个月起应及时添加辅食,随着母乳量的减少,乳制品的添加也不能忽视.

369 infants (male 175, Female 194) born from Jan. 90 -Dec. 92 were selected. They were divided into two groups: breast-fed group (group Ⅰ ,146 cases) and bottle-fed group (Group Ⅱ 223 cases). Their weight, length, head circumf, chest cir-cumf, and middle-upper arm circumf, at birth, 1-6 ,9 and 12 months were observed. Monthly increments of weight and length from birth to six months, 6-9 months and 9 -12 months were calculated. The incidences of anemia, rickets, respiratory infection and diarrhea of the first and second half year were compared between the two groups. We take the female for example: the weight of group Ⅱ exceeded that of group Ⅰ from 4 months and differences were significant from ninth to twelfth month. The length exceeded that of group Ⅰ from the third month and the differences were significant. The chest circumf and middle-upper arm circumf exceeded from 5th to 12th month. Except for the first month, the increments of weight were a little bigger in Group Ⅱ than those of group Ⅰ and the differences became significant after 6 months. The incidence of anemia was the same between the two groups, but rickets and respiratory infection of the first half year of life were distinctly higher in Group Ⅱ than those of group Ⅰ. The incidence of diarrhea of the whole year and respiratory infection of the second half year of life were the same between the two groups. The breast feeding should be encouraged in the first several months with supplemental food given in time from fourth month. Dairy products should not be neglected when breast milk is decreasing.