温度和盐度对锈斑蟳卵孵育时间的影响

Effect of temperature and salinity on the egg incubation period of the Carybdis feriatus

锈斑婚为一种海产大型经济蟹类，可以作为海水养殖和人工增殖放流的对象，研究温度和盐度对锈斑蝽卵孵育时间的影响，并建立相关模型，所得结果可为锈斑蜉人工培育、创造其胚胎发育生长的适宜环境条件提供理论依据，预测锈斑蜉抱卵孵育时间。在2006年10月至2007年2月期间，取分布在东海的锈斑蜉抱卵亲蟹，在实验室水族箱（80cm×45cm×55cm）内饲养，然后在温度14--36℃、盐度15--35之间设置梯度，进行温度和盐度对锈斑蜉卵孵育时间的影响试验。结果表明，温度和盐度这两个环境因子都对锈斑婿的卵孵育时间有显著影响。锈斑蜉卵孵育适宜温度范围为21--29℃，在此范围内，温度越高，胚胎发育速度越快，孵育时间越短，最适培育温度为27--29℃，其生物学零度为15．68℃；适宜盐度范围20--35，在此范围内，盐度越高，胚胎发育速度越快，孵育时间越短。最适培育盐度为30--35，盐度与锈斑蜉卵孵育时间的关系拟合曲线方程为：D=0．53＋200．24—0．14S＋0．24S（R^2=0．99，P〈0．01）。

This paper studied the effects of temperature and salinity on incubation period of the red crab （Charybdis feriatus） in the laboratory. Ovigerous females were reared in 100 L glass tanks at seven temperatures （14, 21, 23, 25, 27,29, and 36℃） and five salinities （15,20,25,30,35） levels. resulte showed that the incubation period decreased exponentially from 28 to 10 days with increasing temperature in the range 21 -29 ℃. Relationship between temperature （T） and egg incubation period （D） was analyzed using the following three equation models： power function, D= αT^b; Belehradek＇s equation, D = α （T-α）b and from the Effective Accumulated Temperature, D = α/（T-α）, the equation of heat summation theory was the best model to characterize the relationship between temperature and the number of days required for incubation. The biological zero temperature for development was 15.68℃ for the Effective Accumulated Temperature. The optimal incubation temperature was 27 - 29℃ while the optimal incubation salinity was 20 - 35. At low salinities, embryos must have developed more slowly, but later the enhanced water content of the eggs might have accelerated the hatching process. The optimal incubation salinity was 30 - 35. As the results express as curve regression , the best model of relationship between salinity （S） and egg incubation period （D） was D= 0. 53 ＋ 200. 24- 0. 14 S＋0.24 S （R^2 =0. 99,P〈0.01）.