中国污染控制政策的评估及展望

Review and expectation of China's pollution control policies

论文对近10年来中国污染控制政策的演变历程和发展特点进行了分析,指出污染控制政策总体上呈现出由单环节末端治理向全过程污染控制演变,由单纯强调工业"三废"控制向工业、城市和农业全方位污染综合防治演变,由单一指令控制手段向行政、经济与技术综合手段演变等3个显著特点;运用影响因素评价矩阵,对当前的主要污染控制政策进行了系统评估,指出目前我国污染控制政策总体执行效果不显著;最后提出了未来中国污染控制政策的基本走向,一是完善污染控制的法律法规体系,二是建立和完善环境影响评价制度、环境目标责任制度和排污许可证制度等三项重点环境管理制度,三是加强环境税收、排污权交易、环境公共财政、生态补偿、绿色资本市场等七项环境经济政策的改革与创新。

The paper analyzed the evolution and traits of China＇s pollution control policies in the past 10 years, It pointed out that the evolution of China＇s pollution control policies generally manifested three traits, including from the single end of treatment to the whole process control, from the industry ＂three waste＂ control to the industry, urban and agriculture pollution prevention and treatment, from the single administration instrument to the integrated instrument as administration, economic and technology, and it reviewed the current key pollution control policies quantitatively by the method of Infection Factor Evaluation Matrix （IFEM）. and it pointed out that the generally implement effect of pollution control policies are not notability. Finally, the paper pointed out the trends of China＇s pollution control policies： the first is perfecting the laws and regulations system of pollution control, the second is establishing and perfecting the key environmental management institutions, the third is strengthening the reformation and innovation of environmental economic policies.