棉花育种目标参与式制定研究—江苏省射阳县、滨海县农民参与育种目标制定的实证分析

Research on Participatory Formulation of Cotton Breeding Goals—Demonstrative Analysis of Participatory Formulation of Breeding Goals by Farmers in Sheyang and Binhai County of Jiangsu Province

采用个体访谈、问卷调查、小组座谈等方式收集有关资料,对江苏射阳、滨海县农民参与棉花育种目标制定的认知程度进行了研究。结果表明:农民对育种目标参与式制定的认知程度受农民文化水平、年龄、棉花种植面积、生产水平、年收入水平等因素的影响;通过引导、启发农民能显著提高农民参与棉花育种目标制定的认知程度;农民主动参与棉花育种目标的制定,将会使育成的棉花新品种更加满足农民的需求,并得到迅速推广;国家政策、市场因素、推广服务体系都对售棉价格和种植成本产生直接影响,从而形成售棉价格-植棉经济效益-植棉积极性-植棉面积-售棉价格的循环;而农民参与棉花育种目标制定的程度则与植棉积极性呈正相关。最后就如何提高农民参与棉花育种目标制定的程度提出了若干建议。

Adopting individual interview, questionnaire investigation, informal discussion in small group and so on to gather the relevant information of the peasants in Sheyang and Binhai county of Jiangsu province, their cognitive degree of participating the formulation of cotton breeding goals was studied. The results showed that peasants＇ cognitive degree of participating the formulation of cotton breeding goals was influenced by their educated level, age, cultivated cotton area, level of cotton production, annual income level , and it could be notably enhanced through leading and inspiring peasants. Peasants＇ initiative participation in the formulation of cotton breeding goals could make the breeding goals close to actual circumstances further, meet the peasants＇ demands further, and the bred new cotton varieties will be popularized rapidly. State policies, market factors, popularizing service system had direct effects on the price of selling cotton and the cost of planting cotton, thus formed a circulation of cotton price - economic benefit of planting cotton - enthusiasm of planting cotton - area of planting cotton - cotton price. The peasants＇ participating degree in the formulation of cotton breeding goals was positively correlated to their enthusiasm of planting cotton. At last, some suggestions on enhancing the peasants＇ participating degree in the formulation of cotton breeding goals were submitted.