中国储木及建筑木材腐朽菌(Ⅱ)

Wood-decaying Fungi on Timber or Wooden Constructions in China(Ⅱ)

根据资料综合报道165种储木及建筑木材上的腐朽菌,其中担子菌133种,子囊菌32种;引起褐色腐朽的有28种,白色腐朽137种。详细记载了每种真菌的腐朽类型、寄主和生长环境、地理分布。生长在原(储)木上的腐朽菌有三色拟迷孔菌、红缘拟层孔菌、毛盖采孔菌等8种;生长在枕木上的有褐褶菌Gloeophyllum spp.、囊孔菌Hirschioporus spp.、栓菌Trametes spp.、炭团菌Hypoxylon spp.等43种;生长在干燥环境下火烧木材上的有炭生褐褶菌、黑轮层炭壳等5种,潮湿环境下的有12种,其中裂褶菌、皱褶栓菌、黑轮层炭壳等能生长在栽培菇类的木段上,成为污染杂菌;生长在建筑木材上有5种,如皱褶栓菌、冷杉附毛菌、伏果圆炷菌(干朽菌,泪菌)等,其中伏果圆炷菌能生于各种木质物和建筑木材上,是危害最大的腐朽菌之一。

Based on literatures, 165 wood-decaying fungi were recorded on timbers or wooden constructions in China, among them 133 species were Basidiomycetes, and 32 were Ascomycetes. 137 species caused white rot, and 28 caused brown rot. The rotting type, host, distribution and growth environment were listed for each species. 8 species, including Daedaleopsis tricolor, Fomitopsis pinicola and Hapalopilus fibrillosus etc. were commonly found on stored logs; 43 species, including species in recorded on sleepers ; 5 species, including Gloeophyllum, Hirschioporus, Trametes and Hypoxylon etc., were Gloeophyllum carbonarium and Daldinia concentrica etc., were mentioned on charred wood; 12 species were found in humid environments; Schizophyllum commune Fr. , Trametes corrugata and Daldinia concentrica etc. were commonly found on logs for cultivation for mushrooms; 5 species, including Trametes corrugate, Trichaptum constructions, and the last mentioned abietinum and Gyrophana lacrymans etc. , were commonly on wooden species was the most destructive fungus.