青年急性心肌梗死患者的危险因素分析及护理干预

Analysis of Risk Factors of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Young Patients and Its Nursing Intervention

目的探讨青年急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)患者的危险因素及护理对策。方法采用问卷调查法收集并分析51例青年AMI患者与166例老年AMI患者的相关危险因素资料,如血压、血脂、血糖、吸烟、饮酒、家族史、体重指数及有无过度疲劳、精神压力等明确诱因。结果男性、大量吸烟、酗酒、压力大等是青年AMI的主要危险因素(P<0.01);青年组有心血管病家族史者多于老年组(P<0.05);老年组合并高血压、糖尿病的比例高于青年组(P<0.01);两组血脂检测结果比较,老年组胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)数值高于青年组(P<0.01)。结论男性、大量吸烟、酗酒、压力大等是青年AMI患者的主要危险因素,应及早对其实施护理干预,提高患者的疾病知晓率及自我保健能力,预防AMI的发生和发展。

Objective To explore risk factors of acute myocardial infarction （AMI） in young patients and its nursing intervention. Mehtods Data of 51 young patients and 166 aged eases with AMI were collected with questionnaire and their related risk factors were compared, including blood pressure, blood fat, blood sugar, smoking, drinking, family history, body mass index, overtiredness, stree and so on. Results Male,heavy smoking and drinking,great stress were main risk factors of AMI（ P 〈0.01）. The number of eases with family histroy in the group of young AMI patients was significandy more than that in the group of elderly AMI patients（ P 〈0.01）. The percentage of elderly AMI patients with high blood pressure and diabetes was much higher than that of young patients. The values of total choleseterol and low density lipoprotein of eldery AMI patients were greatly higher than that of young AMI patients. Conclusion Early nursing intervention could effectively improve patients＇ knowledge about their disease and abilities of self health care,which plays a vital role in preventing occurrence and developemtn of AMI in youth.