非自愿移民公众参与政策及其在我国四川地震灾区移民安置中的应用

The Participation Policies of Unwilling Resettlement Populations and Their Applications in the Resettlement of the Transmigrants from the Disaster Areas of Sichuan Earthquake

非自愿移民活动的公众参与,是非自愿移民、政府或移民实施机构和移民外部监测评估机构三方共同参与和互动的过程。公众参与有三种模式:政府或移民安置实施机构主动式、移民相对主动式和移民工作外部监测评估机构参与的、移民和政府或者移民安置实施机构共同对话与交流的交互式。我国四川地震灾区的非自愿移民活动的公众参与应体现在移民安置计划的准备、制定和实施的全过程。非自愿移民活动的公众参与是保证移民合法权益的重要途径,是保证移民安置工作顺利进行的重要手段,是保证移民安置工作决策民主性、科学性和实施进程中的公正性的有效保障。

The participation of unwilling resettlement populations refers to the process of interactions among unwilling resettlement populations, governments or their executives, and external organizations of supervision and evaluation. The participation could assume three modes ： （ 1 ） the governments or their executives have the initiative; （2） the resettlements have the initiative; （3）the three parties are engaged in dialogues and communications. Public participation of the resettlements from the disaster areas of Siehuan earthquake should be fully involved in the whole process of resettlement including the preparation, establishment and implementation stages. The participation as such is an important channel to guarantee the legal rights and interests of the resettlements and a critical means for a successful resettlement as well as a guarantee for democracy in the policy-making and justness in policy implementation.