宋代乡村社会“自治”论质疑

Questions on Rural Autonomy in Song Dynasty

宋代乡、管、耆、都保等乡村组织均非自治组织,而是整个国家行政组织的一部分,代表国家对乡村进行统治。乡村中的宗族组织、民间经济组织、民间宗教组织和民间武装等民间组织也未达到自治的程度。宋代乡村社会不是国家权力的"真空"地带,并不存在真正意义上的自治。

In Song Dynasty rural organizations such as hisang, kuan, ch＇ and tu-pao are not autonomous organizations. In fact, they are part of the whole state administrative organization and ruled over the rural society on behalf of the state power. Nor did the non-government organizations like clans, folk economic organizations, religious organizations and non-governmental armed forces achieve autonomy in Song Dynasty. The rural society was not a ＂vacuum＂ of the state power in the Dynasty and there is no ＂autonomy＂ in its real sense in the rural society.