从论战看20世纪上半叶唯物史观对中国现代学术的影响

Influence of Historical Materialism on Modern Chinese Academic Judging from the Controversy during the First Half of 20th Century

20世纪上半叶是中国社会发生巨变和转型的时期。在百花齐放、百家争鸣的思潮激荡之际,思想文化界形成了马克思主义、自由主义、保守主义三足鼎立的格局。就影响而言,三者之中,马克思主义思潮可谓高歌猛进、一枝独秀、独领风骚。其中,唯物史观的影响又是最为显著的,唯物史观作为主要思潮,直接参与和影响了当时思想意识形态领域的六次大规模论战。论战的形式也多种多样,既有温和的学理上的论争,更有针锋相对的激烈的路线立场论战。论战的内容主要围绕唯物还是唯心、经济决定论还是多元论、阶级斗争、群众的历史作用与无产阶级专政等问题展开。经过论战,唯物史观进一步彰显了其学理的科学性和实践的生命力,成为一股重要的理论思潮和行动指南,极大地影响了当时的政治、经济、学术和思想文化,促进了思想文化的现代转化。这种影响不仅体现在一大批马克思主义学者身上,而且更体现在冯友兰、陶希圣这样一些非马克思主义学者身上。可以说,在学理上唯物史观树立起了一面鲜艳的旗帜。

In the first half of the 20th century, great transition and change took place in China, and the circle of ideology and culture formed the tripartite structure of Marxism, liberalism, conservatism. In the three, Marxist thought has the biggest influence. Of these, the impact of historical materialism is the most significant, as a major trend, it directly participated and influenced the six large - scale controversies at the time in ideological field. The form of controversies were varied, which focused on the idealism or materialism, economic determinism or pluralism, the class struggle, the role of masses in history and proletarian dictatorship, and other issues. By the controversies, scientificalness of theory and vitality of practice of historical materialism were further demonstrated and become an importam thought and action guideline, which greatly affected the politics, economic, academic and ideology and culture, and promoted the culture of modem transformation.