康德伦理学体系中的“尊严”问题

The "Dignity" in the System of Kant′s Ethic System

康德整个批判哲学体系以自由为基石,强调理性本身的终极目的和意义,在理性被工具化的启蒙时代凸显人的尊严和价值是其思想体系的最终目的和归宿。康德认为人作为理性存在者,与其它非理性存在者的本质区别在于人有基于自由的道德法则。道德法则的存在以及相应的道德责任的追究是人的尊严的体现。所以,人的尊严有三个方面的内容:即普遍立法,人是目的和意志自律。

Kant＇s entire critical philosophical system is established on freedom. It stresses the ultimate goal and significance of reason itself. The ultimate goal and end-result of his ideological system is to demonstrate human dignity and value in the Enlightenment Era. Kant argues that humans, as the subject of rationality, are distinct in nature from any other subject of non-rationality in that humans have the freedom-based moral law. The existence of moral laws and the pursuit of the related moral responsibility is the embodiment of human dignity. Therefore, human dignity has three connotations： universal legislation, human-orientedness and the self-disciple of human will.