略论语用学与修辞学的界限

The Boundaries between Pragmatics and Rhetoric

相对于修辞学来说,语用学是个新兴的学科。从广义上讲,语用学和修辞学都是研究语言运用的学科,很容易使人混淆。从历史源流、研究对象、学科体系等方面对比来看:语用学是20世纪英美分析哲学研究转向的产物,更多地研究"制约语言使用的那些条件",研究内容之间还缺乏一以贯之的中心,形成严密的理论系统仍需时日。而修辞学不管是西方修辞还是汉语修辞,起先都是一种说的艺术,不仅研究口语修辞,在书面修辞方面也有丰硕的研究成果,并且有着严密的理论体系。

Compared with rhetoric, pragrnaties is a new area of study. In the broadest sense, both rhetoric and pragmaties focus on language use. Thus, they are easily confused. Looking at both pragmatics and rhetoric from three perspectives, namely, subject origin, research object and subject system, we find, pragmatics is the result of the turn of European and American analytic philosophy research in the twentieth century; it mainly researches on the conditions that restrain language use;research contents of pragmatics are not coherent and systematic but overlapping. Instead, rhetoric research is coherent and systematic, and it researches on both spoken and written materials.